Creating the Escudero-Sanz eye model with ZOSPy

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Creating the Escudero-Sanz eye model with ZOSPy#

This example shows how to create and analyze a wide-angle eye model described in the paper Off-axis aberrations of a wide-angle schematic eye model by I. Escudero-Sanz and R. Navarro.

Included functionalities#

  • Sequential mode:

    • Usage of zospy.solvers.material_model() to model the refractive index of the elements of the eye.

    • Usage of zospy.analyses.viewers.viewer_3d and zospy.analyses.viewers.shaded_model() to open viewers.

    • Usage of zospy.analyses.psf.huygens_psf() to perform a Huygens PSF analysis.

Citation#

Next to citing ZOSPy, please also cite the following paper when using the data provided in this example:

Escudero-Sanz, I. & Navarro, R. (1999). Off-axis aberrations of a wide-angle schematic eye model. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 16(8), 1881-1891. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.16.001881

Warranty and liability#

The examples are provided ‘as is’. There is no warranty and rights cannot be derived from them, as is also stated in the general license of this repository.

Import dependencies#

[1]:

from warnings import warn

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd

import zospy as zp
from zospy import solvers
from zospy.analyses import OnComplete

Define eye model#

[2]:

wavelength = 543.0  # nm

Define the refractive index of the optical elements of the eye

[3]:

refinds = pd.DataFrame(
    columns=[458, 543, 589.3, 632.8],
    index=["Cornea", "Aqueous", "Lens", "Vitreous"],
    data=[
        [1.3828, 1.3777, 1.376, 1.3747],
        [1.3445, 1.3391, 1.3374, 1.336],
        [1.4292, 1.4222, 1.42, 1.4183],
        [1.3428, 1.3377, 1.336, 1.3347],
    ],
)

Define the eye model geometry

[4]:

# Cornea front
cf_radius = 7.72  # mm
cf_conic = -0.26
cf_thickness = 0.55  # mm

# Cornea back
cb_radius = 6.50  # mm
cb_conic = 0
cb_thickness = 3.05  # mm

# Pupil
pupil_semidiameter = 1.5  # mm

# Lens front
lf_radius = 10.20  # mm
lf_conic = -3.1316
lf_thickness = 4.00  # mm

# Lens back
lb_radius = -6.00  # mm
lb_conic = -1.0
lb_thickness = 16.3202  # mm

# Retina
ret_radius = -12.00  # mm
ret_conic = 0

Connect to OpticStudio#

[5]:

zos = zp.ZOS()
oss = zos.connect(mode="extension")

Create model#

Open a new optical system and put it in sequential mode

[6]:

oss.new()
oss.make_sequential()

[6]:

True

[7]:

# set wavelength
wl_1 = oss.SystemData.Wavelengths.GetWavelength(1)
wl_1.Wavelength = wavelength / 1000  # convert to nanometer

# Set aperture type
oss.SystemData.Aperture.ApertureType = zp.constants.SystemData.ZemaxApertureType.FloatByStopSize

[8]:

# input beam (to visualize the input beam in the system viewer)
input_beam = oss.LDE.InsertNewSurfaceAt(1)
input_beam.Comment = "InputBeam"
input_beam.Thickness = 10  # mm

# cornea front
cornea_front = oss.LDE.InsertNewSurfaceAt(2)
cornea_front.Comment = "Cornea Front"
cornea_front.Radius = cf_radius
cornea_front.Conic = cf_conic
cornea_front.SemiDiameter = 6  # mm
cornea_front.MechanicalSemiDiameter = 6  # mm
cornea_front.Thickness = cf_thickness
solvers.material_model(cornea_front.MaterialCell, refinds.loc["Cornea", wavelength], 0, 0)

# cornea back
cornea_back = oss.LDE.InsertNewSurfaceAt(3)
cornea_back.Comment = "Cornea Back"
cornea_back.Radius = cb_radius
cornea_back.Conic = cb_conic
cornea_back.SemiDiameter = 5  # mm
cornea_back.MechanicalSemiDiameter = 6  # mm
cornea_back.Thickness = cb_thickness
solvers.material_model(cornea_back.MaterialCell, refinds.loc["Aqueous", wavelength], 0, 0)

# iris/pupil
iris = oss.LDE.GetSurfaceAt(4)
iris.Comment = "Iris"
iris.SemiDiameter = pupil_semidiameter
iris.MechanicalSemiDiameter = 6  # mm
solvers.material_model(iris.MaterialCell, refinds.loc["Aqueous", wavelength], 0, 0)

# Lens front
lens_front = oss.LDE.InsertNewSurfaceAt(5)
lens_front.Comment = "Lens Front"
lens_front.Radius = lf_radius
lens_front.Conic = lf_conic
lens_front.SemiDiameter = 4.5  # mm
lens_front.MechanicalSemiDiameter = 4.5  # mm
lens_front.Thickness = lf_thickness
solvers.material_model(lens_front.MaterialCell, refinds.loc["Lens", wavelength], 0, 0)

# Lens back
lens_back = oss.LDE.InsertNewSurfaceAt(6)
lens_back.Comment = "Lens Back"
lens_back.Radius = lb_radius
lens_back.Conic = lb_conic
lens_back.SemiDiameter = 4.5  # mm
lens_back.MechanicalSemiDiameter = 4.5  # mm
lens_back.Thickness = lb_thickness
solvers.material_model(lens_back.MaterialCell, refinds.loc["Vitreous", wavelength], 0, 0)

# Retina
retina = oss.LDE.GetSurfaceAt(7)
retina.Comment = "Retina"
retina.Radius = ret_radius
retina.Conic = ret_conic
retina.SemiDiameter = 12  # mm
solvers.material_model(retina.MaterialCell, refinds.loc["Vitreous", wavelength], 0, 0)

[8]:

<ZOSAPI.Editors.ISolveMaterialModel object at 0x000001A429C4D0C0>

Plot the eye model using OpticStudio’s 3D layout function#

[9]:

# Define plot settings
cornea_front.DrawData.DoNotDrawEdgesFromThisSurface = False
cornea_back.DrawData.DoNotDrawEdgesFromThisSurface = True
iris.DrawData.DoNotDrawEdgesFromThisSurface = True
lens_front.DrawData.DoNotDrawEdgesFromThisSurface = False
lens_back.DrawData.DoNotDrawEdgesFromThisSurface = True

[10]:

def draw_model(oss):
    cross_section = zp.analyses.systemviewers.cross_section(
        oss, delete_vignetted=True, number_of_rays=11, line_thickness="Thick"
    )
    shaded = zp.analyses.systemviewers.shaded_model(oss, oncomplete=OnComplete.Release)

    if oss._ZOS.version < (24, 1, 0):
        warn("Exporting the 3D viewer data is not available for this version of OpticStudio.")
    else:
        plt.imshow(cross_section.Data)
        plt.axis("off")


draw_model(oss)
../../_images/examples_Escudero-Sanz_eye_model_Escudero-Sanz_eye_model_18_0.png

Compute and plot the Huygens Point Spread Function of the eye model#

[11]:

psf = zp.analyses.psf.huygens_psf(oss, "256x256", "256x256", normalize=False, oncomplete=OnComplete.Sustain)

[12]:

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
im = ax.imshow(psf.Data, cmap="plasma")
plt.colorbar(im)

[12]:

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x1a427ab5390>
../../_images/examples_Escudero-Sanz_eye_model_Escudero-Sanz_eye_model_21_1.png

Redo these calculations for light at a different eccentricity#

[13]:

field1 = oss.SystemData.Fields.GetField(1)
field1.Y = 15  # degrees

[14]:

# Visualize the new beam settings
draw_model(oss)
../../_images/examples_Escudero-Sanz_eye_model_Escudero-Sanz_eye_model_24_0.png

Recalculate the Huygens point spread function

[15]:

psf = zp.analyses.psf.huygens_psf(oss, "256x256", "256x256", normalize=False, oncomplete=OnComplete.Sustain)

[16]:

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
im = ax.imshow(psf.Data, cmap="plasma")
plt.colorbar(im)

[16]:

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x1a429f62550>
../../_images/examples_Escudero-Sanz_eye_model_Escudero-Sanz_eye_model_27_1.png